up class 10 syllabus 2021-22

                                                                                

Class: 10

       

Subject: Mathematics

As the regular teaching-learning in schools, during the session 2020-21, has widely been affected due to the Covid – 19 pandemic, the subject experts committee, after due consideration, has recommended reducing the syllabus by 30% in the following manner :

Almost 30% reduced syllabus:-

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. Polynomials   

Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients.

4. Arithmetic Progressions 

Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the n^th term and sum of the first n terms of an A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

 

 

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

 

2. Circles  

Tangent to a circle at, point of contact.

1.             (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

2.             (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY

 

2. Trigonometric Identities  

 Proof and applications of the identity sin²A + cos²A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.  

 

 

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

2. Probability : 

The classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.

 

                                                                                    Class: 10     

Subject: Mathematics

Only Paper

Time : 3 hours                                                                         Marks: 70

Unit	Name of Unit	Marks
I	Number System	05
II	Algebra	18
III	Coordinate Geometry	05
IV	Geometry	12
V	Trigonometry	10
VI	Mensuration	10
VII	Statistics and Probability	10
	Total	70
	Project Work	30
	(Written 70marks + project work 30marks)	100

 

 

Approximately 70% Syllabus :

 

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS                                                             05 Marks

 

1. Real Numbers   

Periods Euclid’s division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through

examples. Proofs of the irrationality of √2, √3, √5, decimal representation of rational numbers in terms of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA                                                                             18 Marks

 

2. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables  

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination and by cross multiplication method. Simple problems on equations are reducible to linear equations.

3. Quadratic Equations  

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, by completing the square and by using the quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. Situation problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incorporated.

 

 

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY                                            05 Marks

 

1. Lines (In two dimensions)  

Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations,  Distance formula,  Section formula (internal division), Area of a triangle.

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY                                                                        12 Marks

 

1. Triangles  

Definitions, examples, counterexamples of similar triangles.

1.             (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

2.             (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.

3.             (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.

4.             (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.

5.             (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

6.             (Motivate) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other.

7.             (Prove) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of their corresponding sides.

8.             (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides.

9.             (Prove) In a triangle, if the square on one side is equal to the sum of the squares on the other two sides, the angles opposite to the first side is a right angle.

3. Constructions  

1.  Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally).

2.  Tangents to a circle from a point outside it.

3.  Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle. 

 

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY                                                               10 Marks

 

1.    Introduction to Trigonometry Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0^o and 90^o. Values of the trigonometric ratios of (30⁰, 45⁰, 60⁰ ,0^o and 90^o). Relationships between the ratios.

 

2.    Trigonometric Identities  

    Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.

 

3.  Heights and Distances: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression

     Simple problems with heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation/depression should be only 30^o,         45^o, 60^o.

 

 

UNIT VI: MENSURATION                                                                 10 Marks

 

1. Areas Related to Circles  

Periods Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter/circumference of the above-said plane figures. (In calculating the area of a segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to the central angle of 60°, 90° and 120⁰ only. Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circles should be taken.

2. Surface Areas and Volumes  

1.             Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum of a cone.

2.             Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems. (Problems with combination of not more than two different solids be taken).

 

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY                                 10 Marks

 

1. Statistics  

Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided). Cumulative frequency graph.

 

 

PROJECT WORK                                                                                30 Marks

a-    Internal Assessment                                                                       15 Marks

(Questions should also be asked from the book “Bharat ka Paramparagat Ganit Gyan” – Class 10^th )

 

b-    Project Work                                                                       15 Marks

Note: Students should prepare any two projects from the following (serial no- 1 to 11), teachers can also give other projects related to the subject from their level and one project from point 12 should be compulsorily prepared by the students.

1-         Verification of  Pythagoras  Theorem by constructing triangles and squares on cardboard or chart paper.

2-         Use of statistics in demography.

3-         To study the role of the different geometrical shapes in architecture and construction. 

4-         Knowledge of sign of trigonometrical ratio through charts / expressing through the diagram in the corresponding ratio of triangles the trigonometric ratio of angles, complementary angles etc.

5-         Any one of  North Medival Mathematician’s (Ramanujan, Narayan Pandit etc.) life and their contributions in Mathematics. 

6-         Make 2 different cylinders by taking two papers of 24 × 42 cm size and turning them by their length and width direction and calculating whose curved surface and volume will be greater or maximum.

7-         To study different direct and indirect taxes imposed by the Government.

8-         Functional analysis of the statement that “Angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle”.

9-         Making of Sextant (for measuring distance) and its use.

10-     Utility of  Mathematical Principles in Drawing.

11-     Give the detail of different steps for granting the loan from the Bank to buy a car or house.

12-     Anyone project from the following three parts of the recommended book “Bharat ka Paramparagat Ganit Gyan” – Class 10^th. 

Part a. Bright tradition of  Mathematics in India. 

Part b. Traditional methods of calculation.

Part c. Renowned Mathematicians of  India.  

                                                             Class-10

                                                    Subject- science

 

Note:  In this written exam of 70 marks will be only a question paper and there will be 30 marks of practical and project work. 

Sr.no.	Unit	Marks
1	Chemical Substances-Nature and Behaviour	20
2	World of living	20
3	Natural Phenomena	12
4	Effect of current	13
5	Natural Resources	05
	Total	70
	Practical and Project work	30
	Grand Total	100

As the regular teaching-learning in schools, during the session 2020-21 has widely been affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the subject experts committee, after the consideration, has recommended reducing the syllabus by 30% in the following manner-

 

Unit I: Chemical Substances Nature and Behaviour:-

Metals and nonmetals:  Properties of metals and non-metals, Formation and properties of ionic compounds

 

Periodic classification of elements:  early attempts at classification of elements Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves

 

Unit II: World of Living- 

 

Control and coordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and coordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

 

Unit III: Natural Phenomena- 

Refraction -  Magnification Power of a lens, scattering of light, applications in daily life.

 

Unit IV: Effects of Current - Applications in daily life.

 

Magnetic effects of current :

Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits. 

 

Unit V:   Natural Resources-  Biogas;

Our environment:   Eco-system, Ozone depletion,

                                                  

In Accordance with the Above, the remaining 70% of the total syllabus is as follows-  

 

Unit I: Chemical Substances Nature and Behaviour:-                              20 Marks

 

Chemical reactions:  Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a balanced chemical equation, type of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction. 

 

Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H⁺ and OH^- ions,

General properties, examples and uses, the concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), the importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris. 

 

Metals and nonmetals: Reactivity series, Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention. 

 

Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon. Homologous series. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes and alkynes), the difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.

 

 Periodic classification of elements: Need for classification, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table), Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties. 

 

Unit II: World of Living-                                                                               20 Marks 

 

Life processes: ‘Living Being’. The basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. 

 

Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health-need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Childbearing and women’s health. 

 

Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: (brief introduction), Basic concepts of evolution. 

 

Unit III: Natural Phenomena-                                                                   12 Marks

 

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),           

                                                  

Refraction- Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by the spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivation not required). Functioning of a lens in the human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, 

 

Unit IV: Effects of Current Electric current-                                             13 Marks

 

 potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors. Heating effect of electric current Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R. 

 

Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current-carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on the current-carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction. The induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, Electric Generator, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. 

 

Unit V: Natural Resources -                                                                     05 Marks

 

Sources of energy: Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy: Fossil fuels, solar energy; wind, water and tidal energy; Nuclear energy. Renewable versus non-renewable sources of Energy. 

 

Our environment: Environmental problems, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. 

 

Management of natural resources: Conservation and judicious use of natural resources. Forest and wildlife; Coal and Petroleum conservation. Examples of people’s participation in the conservation of natural resources. 

 

Dams: advantages and limitations. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.

 

                                                  PRACTICAL

 

Evaluation of Practical exam will be done at school level, and distribution of marks of the practical exam will be as follows-

 

1-    Three experiment               -  3 ˣ 3 = 9 marks

2-    Viva                                                = 3 marks

3-    Sessional work                               = 3 marks

                                            Total                = 15 marks

 

 

 

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:-                                                                  15 Marks

 

1. A. Finding the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator:      (i) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid 

(ii)    Dilute NaOH solution 

(iii)  Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution 

(iv)  Lemon juice 

(v)    Water 

(vi)  Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution 

 

B.  Studying the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) on the basis of their reaction with:

a)  Litmus solution (Blue/Red)

b)  Zinc metal

c)   Solid sodium carbonate 

 

2.  Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into: 

A.   Combination reaction 

B.   Decomposition reaction 

C.  Displacement reaction 

D.  Double displacement reaction 

(i)  Action of water on quicklime 

(ii) Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals      (iii) Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution 

    (iv) Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions

 

3.  Observing the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions:       i) ZnSO4(aq)      ii) FeSO4(aq)     iii) CuSO4(aq)      iv) Al2 (SO4)3(aq)

   Arranging Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result. 

 

4.  Studying the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current  (I) passing through it and determining its resistance. Also plotting a graph between V and

    I. 

 

5.  Determination of the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series and parallel. 

 

6.  Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata. 

 

7      Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration. 

8      Study of the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid):     i)- odour 

   ii)- solubility in water 

   iii)- effect on litmus 

   iv)- reaction with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

 

9      Study of the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. 

 

10  Determination of the focal length of i)- Concave mirror ii)- Convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object.     By obtaining the image of a distant object.

 

11  Tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result. 

 

12  Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides. 

 

13  Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass prism. 

 

14  Finding the image distance for varying object distances in the case of a convex lens and drawing corresponding ray diagrams to show the nature of the image formed. 

 

15  Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red kidney bean). 

 

Note-:  Every student should have a practical notebook in which all practical records will be noted, should be checked properly and will be presented at the time of the practical exam.

 

                               Project list                                                   15 Marks

 

Note-: Prepare any three projects from the given project list by the students. It will be compulsory to prepare one project and project file from each of the sections (physics, chemistry, and biology). The teacher can also provide other projects at their levels. Evaluation of all three projects will be done internally at the school level –

 

1- To study pH value of following natural product and colour change in acid and base solution by using pH paper/ universal indicator.

(a)      Lemon juice 

(b)      beat juice

(c)      cabbage juice

(d)      boiled pea water

(e)      Rose’s petals juice 

 

                                                  

 2 - To make a Chemical garden.

         (Glass Jar, Sand water glass solution, copper sulphate, cobalt sulphate or magnesium sulphate crystal )    

 

3-        Comparative study by practical observation of produced heat in different   neutralization reactions

 

4-        To study modern periodic series by making it on chart paper 

 

5-        Madam Query personality and creations.

 

6-        To prepare a model of the electric bell and to study its scientific principles.

 

7-        To prepare a kaleidoscope model.

 

8-        To study in detail by listing the famous Indian scientist’s personalities and their contribution in science 

 

9-        To prepare a model of electric quiz board giving necessary circuit.

 

10-    Study of the role of science in entertainment with help of pictures 

11-    Making a list by observing changes in nature, position and size of the image made by mirror and lens.

 

12-    To study the different parts (petals, sepals, androecium, gynoecium,) of bisexual flowers such as Hibiscus and mustard and observation of pollination in them.

 

13-    To prepare a model of the human heart.

 

14-To study germination and structure of seeds with the help of bean and maize seed         (soaked)

 

15-  Preparing herbarium by collecting different types of plants.

 

16-  Growing plant without soil- preparing project report on the basis of practice and observation.

 

17-  To study Air pollution produced by petrol and diesel and use CNG to reduce this.

 

18-  Importance of plastic and polythene in daily life and their role in environmental pollution.

 

19-  Reason of increasing noise in your city and study with pictures of harmful effects.

      

                                                              

Social Science

CLASS X (2020-21) Theory Paper

Time: 3 Hrs.		Max Marks: 70
No.	Units	Marks
I	India and the Contemporary World - II	20
II	Contemporary India - II	20
III	Democratic Politics - II	15
IV	Understanding Economic Development	15
Total		70

Project Work (30 Marks)

Note: As the regular teaching-learning in schools, during the session 2020-21, has widely been affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the subject experts committee, after due consideration, has recommended reducing the syllabus by 30% in the following manner:-

 

Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World – II  Section 2: 4.  The Age of Industrialization:
	•        Before the Industrial Revolution •        Hand Labour and Steam Power •        Industrialization in the colonies •        Factories Come Up •        The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth •        Market for Goods
Section 3:  5.  Print Culture and the Modern World:
	•        The First Printed Books •        Print Comes to Europe •        The Print Revolution and its Impact •        The Reading Mania •        The Nineteenth Century •        India and the World of Print •        Religious Reform and Public Debates •        New Forms of Publication •        Print and Censorship

Unit 2: Contemporary India - II Section 2:

6.  Manufacturing Industries:

•	Importance of manufacturing
•	Contribution of Industry to National Economy
•	Industrial Location
•	Classification of Industries
•	Spatial distribution
•	Industrial pollution and environmental degradation
•	Control of Environmental Degradation

Unit 3: Democratic Politics – II

Section 2:

6.  Political Parties:

•	What role do political parties play in competition and contestation?
•	Which are the major national and regional parties in India?

Unit 4: Understanding Economics Development Section 1:

3.  Money and Credit:

	•	Money as a medium of exchange
	•	Modern forms of money
	•	Loan activities of Banks
	•	Two different credit situations
	•	Terms of credit
	•	Formal sector credit in India
	•	Self Help Groups for the Poor

In accordance with the above, the remaining 70 per cent of the total syllabus is as follows:

Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World – II                        Section 1:  (09 Marks) 1.  The Rise of Nationalism in Europe:						(20 Marks)
	•        The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation •        The Making of Nationalism in Europe •        The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848 •        The Making of Germany and Italy •        Visualizing the Nation •        Nationalism and Imperialism
2.  Nationalism in India:
	•        The First World War, Khilafat and Non – Cooperation •        Differing Strands within the Movement •        Towards Civil Disobedience •        The Sense of Collective Belonging
Section 2:  (06 Marks) 3.   The Making of a Global World:
	•        The Pre-modern world •        The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914) •        The Interwar Economy •        Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-War Era
Map work: (05 Marks) List of Map Items History  Chapter – 3 Nationalism in India – (1918 – 1930) for locating and labelling / Identification
	1. Indian National Congress Sessions:
		1.     Calcutta (Sep. 1920) 2.     Nagpur (Dec. 1920) 3.     Madras (1927)
	2.  Important Centres of Indian National Movement
		1.       Champaran (Bihar) – Movement of Indigo Planters 2.       Kheda (Gujrat) – Peasant Satyagraha 3.       Ahmedabad (Gujarat) – Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha 4.       Amritsar (Punjab) – Jallianwala Bagh Incident 5.       Chauri Chaura (U.P.) – Calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement 6.       Dandi (Gujarat) – Civil Disobedience Movement
(Note- For visually impaired candidates 05 questions related to the map will be asked.)

Unit 2: Contemporary India – II                                                                                   (20 Marks)

Section 1: (09 Marks) 1.  Resources and Development:
	•        Types of Resources •        Resource Planning in India •        Land Resources •        Land Utilization •        Land Use Pattern in India •        Land Degradation and Conservation Measures •        Soil as a Resource •        Classification of Soils •        Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation

 

 

2.    Forest and Wildlife

•	Biodiversity or Biological Diversity
•	Flora and Fauna in India
•	Vanishing Forests
•	Asiatic Cheetah: Where did they go?
•	The Himalayan Yew in trouble
•	Conservation of forest and wildlife in India
•	Project Tiger
•	Types and distribution of forests and wildlife resources
•	Community and Conservation

3.    Water Resources:

•	Water Scarcity and The Need for Water Conservation and Management
•	Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management
•	Rainwater Harvesting

	•	Transport – Roadways, Railways, Pipelines, Waterways, Airways
	•	Communication
	•	International Trade
	•	Tourism as a Trade

 

Map Work: (05 Marks) Geography  Chapter 1: Resources and Development (Identification only)
	1. Major soil Types
Chapter 3: Water Resources (Locating and Labelling) Dams:
	1.     Salal 2.     Bhakra Nangal 3.     Tehri 4.     Rana Pratap Sagar 5.     Sardar Sarovar 6.     Hirakud 7.     Nagarjuna Sagar 8.     Tungabhadra
Chapter 4: Agriculture (Identification only)
	1.     Major areas of Rice and Wheat 2.     Largest/Major producer states of Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton and Jute
Chapter 5:  Minerals and Energy Resources Minerals (Identification only)
	1. Iron Ore Mines
		•        Mayurbhanj •        Durg •        Bailadila •        Bellary •        Kudremukh
	2.  Coal Mines
		•        Raniganj •        Bokaro •        Talcher •        Neyveli
	3. Oil Fields
		•        Digboi •        Naharkatia •        Mumbai High •        Bassien •        Kalol •        Ankleshwar
Power Plants (Locating and Labelling only)
	1. Thermal
		•        Namrup •        Singrauli •        Ramagundam
	2. Nuclear
		•        Narora •        Kakrapara •        Tarapur •        Kalpakkam
Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy Major Ports: (Locating and Labelling)
	1.     Kandla 2.     Mumbai 3.     Marmagao 4.     New Mangalore 5.     Kochi 6.     Tuticorin 7.     Chennai 8.     Vishakhapatnam 9.     Paradip 10.  Haldia
International Airports:
	1.     Amritsar (Raja Sansi) 2.     Delhi (Indira Gandhi International) 3.     Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji) 4.     Chennai (Meenam Bakkam) 5.     Kolkata (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose) 6.     Hyderabad (Rajiv Gandhi)
(Note- For visually impaired candidates 05 questions related to the map will be asked.)

Unit 3: Democratic Politics – II                                                                                    (15 Marks)

Section 1: (08 Marks) 1 & 2.  Power-sharing &  Federalism:
	•                  Why and how is power shared in democracies? •                  How has a federal division of power in India helped national unity? •                  To what extent has decentralization achieved this objective? •        How does democracy accommodate different social groups?
3 & 4.  Democracy and Diversity & Gender, Religion and Caste:
	•        Are divisions inherent to the working of democracy? •        What has been the effect of caste on politics and of politics on caste? •        How has gender division shaped politics? •        How do communal divisions affect democracy?

Section 2:

(07 Marks)

5.  Popular Struggles and Movements:

(Note: Ch-5 is to be done as project work only and will not be evaluated in theory) 7.  Outcomes of Democracy:
	•          Can or should democracy be judged by its outcomes?  •          What outcomes can one reasonably expect of democracies?  •          Does democracy in India meet these expectations?  •          Has democracy led to development, security and dignity for the people?  •          What sustains democracy in India?
8.  Challenges	to Democracy:
	•          Is the idea of democracy shrinking? •          What are the major challenges to democracy in India? •          How can democracy be reformed and deepened? •          What role can an ordinary citizen play in deepening democracy?
Unit 4:	Understanding Economic Development	(15 Marks)
Section 1.
	(09 Marks)
1.	Development:
	•          What Development Promises – Different people different goals •          Income and other goals •          National Development •          How to compare different countries or states? •          Public Facilities •          Sustainability of development •          Infant-mortality rate

2.  Sectors of the Indian Economy:

•	Sectors of Economic Activities
•	Comparing the three sectors
•	Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors in India
•	Division of sectors as organized and unorganized

Section 2:

(06 Marks)

4.  Globalization and the Indian Economy:

		•			Production across countries
			•                  Interlinking production across countries • Foreign Trade and integration of markets •                  What is globalization? •                  Factors that have enabled Globalisation •                  World Trade Organisation •                  Impact of Globalization on India •                  The Struggle for a Fair Globalisation
5.  Consumer Rights:
			•          How consumer is exploited? •          Factors causing exploitation of consumers •          Rise of consumer awareness •          How a consumer should be in a market? •          Role of government in consumer protection
Project work / Activity
	•        Students can collect photographs showing costumes of different Indian regions and specific rural houses. They can also examine if these indicate any relation to the climatic condition and relief of that particular region.  •        Students can write a short report on changes taking place in agricultural methods during the last decade and different irrigation methods prevalent in villages.
Poster
	•        Water pollution in the area. •        Deforestation and Greenhouse effect.
Note:  Any other similar activity can also be selected.   Project Work :
	• Each student will have to do the following project work –
				1. Popular struggles and movements.
			Teachers themselves can allot other syllabus based projects to the students.
Marks division for the project work :
	1- Originality and correctness of the content.                                   01 Mark 2- Presentation and creativity.                                                              01 Mark 3- Process for project completion-
			Taking initiative, cooperation, participation and punctuality.           01 Mark
	4- Written exam or viva-voce for assimilating the content.                    02 Marks
			3 Monthly tests of five marks each.  15 Marks 3 Projects five marks each.                                15 Marks                                                             Total    30 Marks

Note: School will internally evaluate the project work.