What is research? step of research process? types of sample?

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research: The term research comprise of two words 're' and search. 'R' means again and 'Search' means to find out.

Research is a scentific  and systematic search for various information about a specific topic. It systamatized effort to gain new knowledge.

NATURE/CHARACTERISTIC OF RESEARCH:

1. Research is highly purposive.
2. Research is systematic process.
3. Research is based upon observation and experiments.
4. Research requires patience and courage.
5. Research is directed towards solution of problem.

Step in the research process:

1. Identify the research problem
2. Review the Literature
3. Preparing the research design or formulating the plain
4. Developing data collection instrument 
5. Selecting sample
6. Collecting data
7. Analysing data
8. Report conclusion

Purpose of research:

Exploratory: Exploratory research is the first research to be conducted around a problem that has not yet been clearly defined. Exploration research therefore aims to gain a better understanding of the exact nature of the problem and not to provide a conclusive answer to the problem itself. This enables us to conduct more in-depth research later on.

Descriptive: Descriptive research expands knowledge of a research problem or phenomenon by describing it according to its characteristics and population. Descriptive research focuses on the ‘how’ and ‘what’, but not on the ‘why’.

Explanatory: Explanatory research, also referred to as casual research, is conducted to determine how variables interact, i.e. to identify cause-and-effect relationships. Explanatory research deals with the ‘why’ of research questions and is therefore often based on experiments.

Types of research:

1. BASIS RESEARCH

Basis research is also knowns as Pure, fundamental and conceptual research. It expand the knowledge of processes of business and management. Its result in universal principle and they find the answer to how, when and what.

Basis research serve as the foundation for applied research.

2. APPLIED RESEARCH

This research is used to solve the specific problem. It improve the understanding a particular problem. In this research fundamental that are found out in pure research are applied to produced some end product. 

3.  QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is the systematic investigation on of the observable event. Its is a research which which can be represented or describe according to some numerical series.

Data in this types of research is in the form of number or statistic. It is used to develop hypothesis. 

4. COMPARATIVE RESEARCH 

 This research deals with the comparison of similarition or difference under some or varying condition. FOR EX- study of health condition of people in village and city.

SAMPLE A sample is a subset of individuals from a larger population. Sampling means selecting the group that you will actually collect data from in your research. For example, if you are researching the opinions of students in your university, you could survey a sample of 100 students.  

1. PROBABILITY SAMPLES:

• Simple random : This types of sampling is also known as chance of sampling or probability sampling, where each and every item in the population have equal chance.
• Systematic random sampling
• Stratified
• multi stage cluster

2. NON  PROBABILITY SAMPLES:

• Convenience
• Snowball
• Quota
• Judgemental